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RESOURCES: PAPERS & PRESENTATIONS

Author : Sebastian Ferrari & Dagmar Lund-Durlacher
School/Work Place : MODUL University Vienna, Austria
Contact : 1111532@modul.ac.at
Year : 2015

Over the last decades, social enterprises have increasingly gained importance in the travel and tourism industry and they are revolutionizing the way business is done. Instead of maximizing profits for external shareholders, a social enterprise is an organization that applies commercial strategies to address society’s most pressing needs; thus creating sustainable solutions, that empower the underprivileged to independently lift themselves out of poverty. Social enterprises can be structured as a for-profit or non-profit, and may take different forms between these two poles (Ridley-Duff, R. J. and Bull, M., 2011).

Professionals and researchers agree insofar as they argue that non-profit organizations are not self-sufficient due to the fact that they depend largely on donations. On the other hand, having the opportunity of reinvesting their own income, for-profit enterprises are not confronted with this problem. However, some businesses are to be found in neither end of the spectrum. These hybrid models combine elements from both forms (Elkington and Hartigan, 2008).

The purpose of this paper is to explore different business models of social enterprises operating in the travel and tourism industry. The focus is on what motivates social entrepreneurs, which social needs are addressed, what are the approaches taken to improve them and what are the social enterprises’ income generating strategies to ensure their self-sufficiency.


List of Articles
No. Subject Views Datesort
22 Think Tank XV A novel review approach on adventure tourism scholarship file 1563 Jul 24, 2015

As a niche market, adventure tourism has been developing rapidly in many regions and territories, evidenced by increasing number of participants and intensive growth of adventure tourism products (Adventure Travel Trade Association, 2013; T...

Author: Mingming Chen, Deborah Edward, Simon Darcy 

Year: 2015 

21 Think Tank XV Enhancing stakeholders’ participation for sustainable ... file 2091 Jul 27, 2015

Tourism is a fragile industry with multiple stakeholders. Globally, the desire of its stakeholders is to gain more benefits and eliminate negative impacts on resources that support the industry, particularly in protected areas (PAs) such as ...

Author: Richie Wandwi 

Year: 2015 

20 Think Tank XV Deconstruction of Man-nature Dialogue Nexus: A Critica... file 8812 Jul 27, 2015

The relationship between man and nature dates back to the millennia. The intimacy of man-nature interaction increased with decreasing healthy nature, as man’s insatiable desire to know and control nature as a commodity becomes more dynamical...

Author: Michael Kweku Commeh 

Year: 2015 

19 Think Tank XV Protected areas and community wildlife-based tourism i... file 799 Jul 27, 2015

Tourism planning in protected areas (PAs) entails addressing two partly competing and overlapping goals: preserving heritage and providing access. Resolving potential conflicts between these two goals is particularly challenging at the inter...

Author: MorenTibabo Stone & Gyan P. Nyaupane 

Year: 2015 

18 Think Tank XV Why Africans do not visit their national parks: A case... file 1579 Jul 27, 2015

Present-day Western approaches relating to nature and natural resources management assume that humans are independent from the natural world (Pierotti & Wildcat, 2000). Protected areas such as Yellowstone National Park were created with ...

Author: Lesego S. Stone & Gyan P. Nyaupane 

Year: 2015 

17 Think Tank XV Social Representations of Tourist Selfies: New Challen... file 2813 Jul 27, 2015

A number of recent incidents have focussed media attention on the phenomenon of tourist selfies, described their negative consequences for tourist destinations and identified a number of challenges for tourist site managers. This paper repor...

Author: John Pearce & Gianna Moscardo 

Year: 2015 

16 Think Tank XV Rural renewal or requiem? Establishing new creative ve... file 1102 Jul 27, 2015

During the past decades, concern for rural poverty and underdevelopment of the rural communities of Namibia has been central to government development efforts. This has further given rise to several rural development programmes. While, some ...

Author: Erling Kavita 

Year: 2015 

15 Think Tank XV Perceptions of local communities participation in rura... file 2830 Jul 27, 2015

In order to maximize the benefits and minimize the costs, rural communities should be able to participate actively in all aspects of tourism, including planning and management. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the local communit...

Author: Limpho Lekaota & Jarkko Saarined 

Year: 2015 

14 Think Tank XV A modified value chainanalysisoftourism development in... file 3106 Jul 27, 2015

Tourism development in a relatively unknown country is faced with various challenges. The difficulty is not only choosing an appropriate tourism development strategy but also managing it in a complex sociocultural, economic and political env...

Author: Sonja Frommenwiler & Péter Varga 

Year: 2015 

OPA: Runner Up Outstanding Paper Award 

13 Think Tank XV Environmental Practices and Hotels’ Performance: an em... file 1559 Jul 27, 2015

Firms are nowadays facing growing pressure from governments and environmental institutions to reduce their ecological footprint. While a growing number of empirical studies have examined the impact of green management policies on firms’ fina...

Author: Christelle Cortese & Mondher Sahli 

Year: 2015 

12 Think Tank XV The operational challenges of community-based tourism ... file 12078 Jul 27, 2015

Community-based tourism is increasingly being developed and promoted as a means of reducing poverty in developing countries assisting local communities to meet their needs through the offering of a tourism product. The Swaziland Tourism Auth...

Author: S. E. Lukhele & K. F. Mearns 

Year: 2015 

» Think Tank XV The social enterprise as a vehicle to poverty alleviat... file 1836 Jul 27, 2015

Over the last decades, social enterprises have increasingly gained importance in the travel and tourism industry and they are revolutionizing the way business is done. Instead of maximizing profits for external shareholders, a social enterpr...

Author: Sebastian Ferrari & Dagmar Lund-Durlacher 

Year: 2015 

10 Think Tank XV Perceptions of the business community on the sustainab... file 7227 Jul 27, 2015

The holiday property market has seen a genuine boom in the last years with second homes being an integral part of today’s tourism and an important pillar in the accommodation sector. Today second homes are seen as an enabler for destination ...

Author: Anita Zehrer 

Year: 2015 

9 Think Tank XV Conserving biodiversity as tourism (including wildlife... 3257 Jul 27, 2015

Governments throughout Australia and elsewhere recognise that tourism is an important sector of the economy, and are encouraging its growth in a variety of ways, some more environmentally sound than others. This papers presents not the resul...

Author: Ronda J Green 

Year: 2015 

8 Think Tank XV Luxury and Sustainability in Tourism Accommodation – a... file 3274 Jul 27, 2015

This paper examines the relationship between luxury and sustainability in tourism using a case study of the Soneva Group, which has two luxurious eco resorts in Maldives and Thailand. The aim of this paper is to determine whether luxury and ...

Author: Derek Robbins & Justyna Gaczorek 

Year: 2015 

7 Think Tank XV The role of souvenir vendors in the cultural sustainab... file 2741 Jul 27, 2015

The research investigated the role of souvenir vendors in sustaining the social-cultural authenticity of Chichen Itza’s host community, a Mexican UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) (UNESCO, 2015a). The case study evaluated the Maya-descent ven...

Author: Ady Milman 

Year: 2015 

6 Think Tank XV Can we eat it? Exploring the cultural challenges in ma... file 2831 Jul 27, 2015

Can we eat it? How did you stop the waves? Is there water in there? Where is the switch to turn it off? Will it eat me? These are just some of the many questions asked by visitors to uShaka Sea World in Durban, South Africa. While South Afri...

Author: Judy Mann & Roy Ballantyne & Jan Packer 

Year: 2015 

5 Think Tank XV Lifelong learning for guiding and interpretation file 2948 Jul 27, 2015

Scholarship on guiding and interpretation positions formal training as a central factor in guide instruction. Guide training operates in the area that mediates between personal characteristics, attitudes and knowledge of the guides and what ...

Author: Julia N. Albrecht & Trisha Dwyer 

Year: 2015 

4 Think Tank XV A vacation from capitalism; what happens when the ‘mas... file 6243 Jul 27, 2015

Philosophical and theoretical debates in tourism must be situated not just within economic and cultural contexts, but also political and social ones (Ataljevic, Pritchard & Morgan, 2007). Tourism is more than an ‘industry,’ Freya Higgins...

Author: Amy Savener 

Year: 2015 

3 Think Tank XV Environmental beliefs and feelings toward nature among... file 4176 Jul 27, 2015

Tourists are often depicted as irresponsible consumers, with mass tourism being linked to extensive consumerism in society (Sharpley, 2012; Singh, 2012)and tourists as consumers are part of the “culture-ideology of consumerism” (Higgins-Desb...

Author: Elizabeth Ann Kruger 

Year: 2015 

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